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India
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Formal Name:
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The Republic of India
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Location and Area:
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Covering an area of 3.28 million Sq. Kms.,
India is the largest country in South
Asia subcontinent and the seventh
largest in the world. It extends from the snow-covered Himalayan mountain
range in the North to the tropical rain forests of the South, offering a
fascinating variety of topography, climate, flora and fauna. It has a
coastline of 7516 Kms.
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Climate:
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Climate varies significantly from Himalayas in north to
tropical south. Four seasons: relatively dry, cool winter December to
February; dry, hot summer March to May; southwest monsoon June to September
when predominating southwest maritime winds bring rains to most of country;
and northeast, it bring about 80% total rainfall of a year or retreating,
monsoon October and November.
The rainfall is quite varies. The
northe-east area, average rainfall above 4000 mm, is the most highest
rainfall in the world. The west area average rainfall is below 100mm.
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Independence Day:
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15th August
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Popular &
Religion:
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Population is
about 1.027 billion. India is a multi-ethnic group society, Hindustani 46%,
Telugu 8.6%, Bengali 7.7%, Marathi 7.6%, Tamil 7.4% etc. ten bigger ethnics
and the other ten small ethnic groups.
So India
also has multi-religions: Hindu 82.7％，Muslim 11.2％，Sikh1.89％，Buddhist 0.7％，Jain 0.47％，Parsi 0.4％。
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Language:
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Official
language Hindi; English also has official status. For use in certain official
capacities, constitution recognizes eighteen Scheduled Languages: Assamese,
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri,
Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.
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Administrative Divisions:
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28 State
and 7 Union territories, New
Delhi is Capital.
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Brief History:
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India,
one of the four ancient civilization, has been initiated by The Indus Valley
civilization for 4,000 years. One of the Aryan tribes from the middle Asia invaded about 15th
century B.C.; their merger with the earlier inhabitants created the classical
Indian culture about 10th century B.C. In the 4th century B.C., Emperor Ashoka, one of the
greatest leaders of all of India's
history, led the Mauryan Empire to take over almost all of what is now modern
India, the Buddhism flourished and spread out in this period. In middle
age, the south part of India
several different small Hindu empires spread and grew, the Hinduism rose and
developed. Since 11th century, the invader came and ruled from Turks and
Afghans, Islam,
the Muslim religion, was introduced into India.
British started arriving in the early 1600s, the East India Company opened
permanent trading stations. In 1757 the war between India
and British started, British eventually controlled most of India
and finally made it one of colonies in 1849. India
got its independance from Britian in 1947 after a long struggle led mostly by
Mahatma Gandhi. In the process of becoming independant India
became, through partition, two countries instead of one. India
became a republic within the Commonwealth after promulgating its constitution
on January
26, 1950.
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Economy Overviews:
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India is the fourth largest Economy in the world and has the second
largest GDP among emerging economies, based on Purchasing Power Parity. Since
1991 The policy of economy has been reformed and moved to a high grow path,
with economic growth between 4 - 6% per annum. In 2001-02 GDP has account for
US $459.8 billion, with economic growth averaging 5.8% per annum. About 24%
of GNP originates in the primary sector, and cotton exports acquire India
to be the one of the major country of producing cotton. 29% in the
manufacturing sector; textiles, food, precision instrument, vehicles
manufacture, aviation etc. are rapid growth. 47% in the services sector. The
private sector is the backbone of the economy, accounting for 75% of the GNP,
whose share is increasing rapidly. Liberalization of the economy has
increased the competitiveness of firms and created exciting new opportunities
for domestic and foreign investors.
In 2003-04, a spurt in economic
growth was the highest speed among past 15 years, speed up agro-produce, and India
is the second well liked invested country, many transnational corporation
allocate their factory in there. The most popular invested opportunity such
as: high technology industry – telecommunications, technical and industrial
electron; core industry – power source, iron and steel and petroleum produce;
exported products – food processing, pharmaceuticals, software service and information
technology; service industry – healthy care, tourism and financial service.
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